Reflection

Today we're going to be on the computers for an hour before going back to w12 for a practical. Answer the following:
These first questions are about your experiences this year, so we can all keep improving. Take a minute for each one and try to be as honest as possible.

1. What do you feel are your strengths in Science? What do you do well?
2. What would you like to get better at to improve your marks?
3. How do you think you could go about this?
4. What have you enjoyed in class this year?
5. What would you have liked to change or do differently?
6. Explain the steps involved for DNA to make a protein:
7. What do lysosomes do?
8. Name one other organelle and explain it's function:
9. Why are lysosomes important in the cell?
10. Watch this documentary from the BBC earlier this year. It summarises really well what you'll need to know for GCSE, as well as lots of sixth form Bio stuff! How many cells make up the average human body?

Diffusion and Osmosis

Today we're going to start looking at diffusion and osmosis in cells, which is the start of the year 11 course. Answer the following in your books:

1. How can you define diffusion?
2. Explain WHY diffusion occurs in some conditions, but not others:
3. Where in the body does diffusion occur?
4. What part of the CELL allows diffusion to occur?
5. What things affect the rate of diffusion?
6. How would you explain a concentration gradient?
7. What is osmosis?
8. How could you make cells in a solution get smaller, or larger?
9. What do isotonic, hypotonic and hyper tonic mean?
10. Explain how osmosis can kill cells:
11. Name two organelles and explain what they do in the cell:
12. Watch this video, and then explain the difference between osmosis and diffusion in your own words:                         

Extension - In what ways are our lungs adapted to help gases diffuse into and out of the blood more quickly?

ISA section 2

Next lesson we will be looking at the section 2 paper for the ISA we have been completing this week. Answer the following questions to help you prepare for next lesson:

1. Go through this sample paper (it is VERY similar to the one you'll see). Give one way that the student scored full marks for one of the questions.
2. I know you've seen it lots before now, but write down the independent, dependent and a control variable we used in this experiment:
3. Check if question no. 12 from the second of May works (two posts below this one, if not we'll watch it on the board). How could the cookie monster improve his experiment?
4. Which two points don't fit the pattern here? What is the term for these points?
5. What was the the overall pattern that we found with the cooking time and vitamin C content?
6. What does the 'range' of data mean?

ISA research sheets

For the ISA next year, you will be given a sheet and a hypothesis to investigate. The hypothesis for this investigation is

'How much vitamin C is in food depends upon the time the food is cooked for.'

You should write this word for word into the box on your sheet.  Once you have done this, there are a few other sections.
Research sources:
Give the name of two books or websites you have used to do some background research for the practical, so that people could find them with the details you give. It would also be sensible to write a note reminding yourself what you get from each website. You can try this one, this one or find other information on your own.
Method:
This is where you need to write the steps that you will take in your practical to get your results. make sure you include as much detail as you can and don't miss any steps!
Equipment:
You need to produce a list of all the equipment you will need. Include amounts and numbers of things.
Risk assessment:
For the risk assessment, you need to think of things that could go wrong and what problems they would cause. If you can also think of ways to stop these things happening, put them in too.
Context:
For this section, you need to think of people or groups who would be interested in your experiment. list them and explain why they would want to know the results from your experiment.

Remember, you can take the sheet into the exam with you so including things like the independent and dependent variables, blank tables to record your results (with units in titles) and any other information that might help you is a good idea. Section 1 is basically re-writing this paper for marks so you're helping yourself do better later on!

ISA - maggots

Today we're going to thinking about ISA topics to do with the practical we just didusing maggots and choice chambers. Answer the following in your books:

1. What else could choice chambers be used for?
2. Why are control variables very important when using choice chambers?
3. Think of another hypothesis you could test using maggots and choice chambers (we already tests whether maggots are affected by light intensity) :
4. Why might it be hard to conclude which conditions insects prefer from this experiment?
5. What is causality? Why is this important in experiments?
6. What is anomalous data? What should you do in a practical if you have an anomaly?
7. We looked at Doctor Wakefield's incorrect claims about autism and the MMR vaccine earlier this year. What has happened recently with measles? Why is interpreting your results correctly important?
8. What did you do with your results to make them more reliable? Why is this a good thing to do?
9. Outline the hazards that are associated with the prac we have done, the risks they create and how you can minimise that risk. You will need to complete a risk assessment in the ISA, so use this table to practice now:

   hazard	risk	safety measures

10. Read these short scetions about scientists getting things wrong, and summarise one. How did they get it wrong in the first place? How was it put right?
11. Extension - Think of a question you would like to answer - it could be anything that relates to your life now or something fairly abstract. How would you go about answering this question? use the steps in the scientific method to write up a plan for this experiment. if anyone comes up with a suitable one for the class we might try it later on.
12. HOMEWORK - Watch this video with the cookie monster (I dont think youtube works at school anymore) and state the pattern they used in the experiment. This is what the girl explains after they have dropped the object in the water.

Atmosphere

Today we've been looking at how Earth's atmosphere has changed over time. Answer these questions to finish off what we were looking at during period 3:

1. What was earth's early atmosphere mostly made from? Which organisms increased the amount of oxygen?
2. What are the raw materials needed to produce calcium carbonate?
3. Briefly explain the process that makes limestone:
4. What gas makes up most of the Earth's atmosphere today?
5. Complete the following activity. How long had the Earth's atmosphere been stable before the recent changes?
6. Looking at the carbon cycle below, identify the process which is leading to increasing amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere recently:
7. Explain what happens during the fractional distillation of air. What are ethe products used for?
8. Explain how this increase is changing three other things about our planet:
9. What is a carbon dioxide sink?
10. How are plants carbon sinks and soucres?
11. How much carbon dioxide are you producing each year? how could you decrease this?
12. Extension: Briefly explain how the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has changed since Earth was created until today (you'll need to use more than one website for this so I haven't given links - find them yourself!)

Exam revision

This link will help you revise all sections of the course that we've covered so far - I just found it on youtube and thought it would be good to post. In year 10 you are doing C1, B1, and P1 and in year 11 you'll do C2, P2 and B2. This would also be a good way to see things again if you aren't sure about anything form class.

Plant Oils

Today we're going to look at the Plant Oils section of Chemistry for the progress test next week (in the second half of Ms Elias' lesson on Thursday). Answer the following in your books:

1. Explain how distillation can be used to produce plant oils:
2. What other method can be used to extract oils from plants? Briefly explain the steps involved:
3. What are the differences between saturated and unsaturated oils?
4. Watch this animation. What four parts make up a molecule of sunflower oil?
5. Why are oils useful in cooking?
6. What is an emulsion?
7. Explain what 'hydrophilic' and 'hydrophobic' mean:
8. Name three foods that use emulsifiers:
9. Why do we need vegetable oils in our diet? What are some problems associated with over consumption of them?
10. The progress test next week will be on everything we have covered (in both classes) so far this year, but with more time for the material covered since christmas. Go through your books and identify one topic you're comfortable with, and one which you want to start revision on. Write these down.
11. Go to the bitesize website, and write down one thing you learn about the topic you are least confident about.

Today we will be looking at how plants and animals are adapted to survive in different conditions.  Answer the following questions in your books, using the links to help you:

1. What things do plants need to survive and reproduce successfully? 
2. How do animals take in energy from the environment? Think of one example of an animal being adapted to do this better:
3. Explain what 'heterotroph' means.
4. Watch this video, and give the main resource that the plants are competing for:
5. Outline the adaptations that antarctic fish have that help them survive. - What is an extremophile?
6. Name one extremophile organism and where it lives. 
7.  List three things that animals compete for:
8. Complete this activity and give the biological definition of a community.
9. What is competition between organisms? 
10. Do organisms like plants or animals always compete for the same resources? Explain why:
11. When does competition occur between organisms (what conditions need to happen?)?
12. When individuals are in competition, which ones are the most likely to survive? 
13. Try this game. What helps a population survive longer? 

E.M. spectrum

Today we're going to summarise the E.M. spectrum work we've been doing so we're ready for next term. Answer the following in your books:

1. What are fibre-optic cables? What are they made form and what energy do they transmit?
2. What dangers have been linked to mobile phones and the electromagnetic spectrum? What have scientistts found?
3. Use the diagram below to explain which visible colour has the longest wavelength:                              
4. What is the Doppler effect?
5. Use the video below to describe how sound and light are both influenced by the Doppler effect:


6. Who used evidence from other galaxies to come up with the Big Bang theory? Briefly describe what the theory states:
7. Use the information above to explain why some of the galaxies in this picture appear red. Why are some more red than others?                                                                     
8. If redshift is one piece of evidence for the big bang theory, what is the other main piece of evidence that supports the Big Bang theory?
9. Try this activity.
10. Extension - Read about the theories regarding a big crunch or big yawn (click on 'the big bang' in the index and then scroll down). Briefly describe what each one states.

Sound and light waves

Today we're going to keep looking at sound waves, and start to look at how light waves work too. Answer the following in your books:

1. What is the approximate range of human hearing? Remember to include units.
2. What is one difference between sound and light waves?
3. Explain what separates the different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. The image below may help:                                                                          
4. How are microwaves used in comunication?
5. Define diffraction, and give one real life situation where it occurs.
6. What two things influence the amount of diffraction?
7. Watch this video, showing a non-newtonian fluid on top of a speaker. What type of sound waves seem to have the greatest effect on the fluid? Try to use scientific terms from class in your answer.
8. How is the normal line drawn in relation to this mirror? Can you give the law of reflection?
9. How are relfection and refraction different? Think about the angles you have seen today: 
10. Extension - Why is refraction important for you to see things? Use the image below to help you: